Journal Scientific International Environmental Green Horizon
The Journal Scientific International Environmental Green Horizon is a prominent open access academic journal, with a consolidated presence in Peru and Argentina, and projecting its influence worldwide. Its fundamental mission is to promote synergy between Environmental Science and Development, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in these fields. The journal is distinguished by the publication of articles that explore the frontiers of environmental sciences and development, addressing cutting-edge topics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Eduardo Ore Cierto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Luis Eduardo Ore Cierto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Simulation of the spread of forest fires. Model for the Tingo María National Park
In the present work, the simulation of a forest fire in Tingo María National Park is carried out using FlapMap 6.2 software, which was introduced processed data from the Geo Gps Peru geo server, in the QGIS software, obtaining as input data the vegetation cover (fuels), slopes, wind speed, elevation; These data were processed giving as a result the intensity of the fire line, height of the flame, and the speed of propagation, all having correlation in the area of incidence, located in the fringes of the National Park of Tingo Maria, as a result of agricultural activity and burning of forests of the surrounding population, as a result of urban expansion, it should be noted that in these areas the speed of propagation is high with an affectation of 27 meters per minute, affecting the vegetation cover in a decisive way. Therefore, the present work achieves the simulation and correlation of the consequences of a forest fire in Tingo Maria National Park.
Copyright (c) 2024 Katherin Lorena Soto Grijalva, Cleide Santos Flores (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of the efficiency of the biorector with ceramic filter in the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2)
The purpose of the research was to examine the efficiency of filter ceramics, sponges, and straws in a laboratory-scale bioreactor in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Research and development of conventional technologies are increasingly studying alternative biological treatments for polluted gas streams, transforming today into a promising technology to prevent air pollution. Biological gas systems are being developed for the elimination of odors produced in composting plants and for the treatment of wastewater. However, in recent decades the use of biological techniques for the removal of polluting gases is growing thanks to its diversity and effectiveness in managing various pollutants. An initial and final analysis of the fermented broth was carried out taking into account the physicochemical parameters (pH, OD, Turbidity, BOD, STS) and the microbiological parameters (Numbering of viable aerobic microorganisms, Salmonella investigation, Numbering of total coliforms, Numbering of coliforms thermo tolerant, Numbering of Staphylococcus aureus, investigation of Vibrio cholerae, Numbering of molds and yeasts). The efficiency of the biological system was 100% to purify a gas stream and an efficiency of 91% to purify a gas stream from the fermented broth.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jhuly Yisela Salazar Matto , Jorge Alejandro Suarez Vásquez , Cleide Santos Flores (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The diversity of the edaphic macrofauna in the Germplasm Bank at the Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva
The objective of the present work was to determine the alpha and beta diversity of the edaphic macrofauna for two systems of handling cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) and the forest tree, tornillo, (Cedrelinga cateniformis Ducke) which were found in the germplasm bank at the Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva in Tingo María, Perú, during 2022. For the sampling of the macrofauna in the soil, ten monoliths for each system were considered, and the methodology from the Agricultura Tropical Instituto de Biología y Fertilidad de Suelos Tropicales Grupos de América Latina’s international center was applied (Fátima et al., 2012). For the results, it was observed that the cacao farm system had greater specific richness (8.6), species diversity (0.8 Simpson index and 1.85 Shannon index) and equitability (0.89) than the tornillo system. Nonetheless, with this system there was a greater abundance of specimens and of family types (twenty-six families and 696 specimens). On the other hand, the similarity between the two systems went from 40.63% to 57.78% (according to Jaccard and Sorensen, respectively).
Copyright (c) 2024 Jorge Luis Huamán Ayala, Jorge Alejandro Suarez Vásquez, Brayan André Caldas de la Cruz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Economic valuation for the conservation of the Huallaga River by the population of Tingo María, Las Orquídeas – Naranjillo de Leoncio Prado section
The objective of the research work was to estimate the economic valuation for the conservation and/or protection of the Las Orquideas to Naranjillo section of the Huallaga River on behalf of the population in Tingo Maria, [Peru], and the nearby areas. In order to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP; DAP in Spanish), a survey was done [with a] questionnaire, organized according to the contingent valuation method. For the statistical analysis, the probabilistic, logistical, and multiple linear regression econometric models were used. According to the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the demand curve of the probabilistic model was: WTP-P = 1,097*X7 + 0,762*X12 + 0,443*X13 – 0,219*X16 – 0,582*X17; [for the] logistical model, it was: WTP-L = 1,811*X7 + 1,313*X12 + 0,778*X13 – 0,374*X16 – 0,999*X17; and [for the] multiple linear regression model, it was: WTP-RLM = 0,494 + 0,051*X1 + 0,267*X7 + 0,194*X12 + 0,109*X13 – 0,062*X16 – 0,169*X17; where X1: type of home, X7: assessment of the Huallaga River, X12: intervention [in the] conservation of the Huallaga River, X13: level of education, X16: price they were willing to pay, and X17: form of payment for the WTP. The average willingness to pay predicted at 84,54% [accuracy]. For the probabilistic model, the average WTP was 6,87 soles, with a variation of 52,97%; [for] the logistical model, the average WTP was 6,84 soles, with a variation of 52,60%; and [for] the multiple linear regression model, the average WTP was 14,92 soles, with a variation of 23,10%.
Copyright (c) 2024 Katherin Lourdes Uriarte Barraza, Edilberto Díaz Quintana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Stock of carbon stored in a forest system of Schizolobium amazónicos and Ladenbergia oblongifolia in Huánuco
The estimation of carbon stored in forest systems is intended to obtain a baseline for future research on carbon quantification as a basis for climate change mitigation, sustainable land use, and planning of conservation projects for the sustainable provision of goods and services environmental. In this sense, the objective of the study was to quantify the amount of carbon stored in total plant biomass and the organic carbon content stored in the soil in an associated forest system of chuncho pine (Schizolobium amazonicum) and quina (Ladenbergia oblongifolia). Within the forest system plot, four 4 x 25 m transects were established to determine tree biomass, four 1.0 m2 subplots to determine herbaceous biomass, four 0.25 m2 subplots to assess leaf litter, and four pits to Soil sampling at a depth of 0-10 and 10-20 cm to determine the organic carbon content in the soil. The results show that the stored carbon content obtained a total value of 58.1 t/ha; being the total vegetal biomass the largest storage source with a value of 54.42 t/ha, while the soil stored a smaller quantity with a value of 3.67 t/ha. According to the carbon content in the total plant biomass, the tree component obtained the highest storage with 47.21 t/ha; Regarding the values ​​of organic carbon stored in the soil, these were found to range from 3.14 t/ha to 4.21 t/ha.
Copyright (c) 2024 Luis Eduardo Ore Cierto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Participatory institutional policy in environmental impact studies (EsIA): Analysis of the Peruvian legal framework
The use of natural resources does not depend only on geological conditions and their economic potential, but also on political conditions and, currently, on citizen participation. Environmental Impact Studies (EIS) are instruments that take on this interdisciplinary challenge. To understand them, it is necessary to review their institutional framework, their historical evolution and their theoretical foundations. As well as the scope of its implementation and its limitations in reality. Our study has no precedents, being exploratory. At a methodological level, documentary, legal and academic sources have been reviewed. Afterwards, mixed methodologies have been carried out. First, semi-open interviews were conducted with socio-environmental specialists and concluded with a focus group. An opinion survey was then applied to reinforce and / or corroborate the information obtained. The objective was to know the advantages and disadvantages of environmental institutions, specifically around EsIA. The results obtained correspond to some critical proposals from the academy, excessive formalism, low operational capacity and little efficiency, incipient institutional framework and great potential to achieve environmental governance. Revealing the need to strengthen the environmental institutions of the EIS and update them in accordance with new global trends, such as digital transformation and agile methodologies.
Copyright (c) 2024 Patricia Pilar Romero Ushuñahua (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relationship of functional traits of tree vegetation and ecosystem services in hill forests
The general objective of this research was to relate the functional traits of the arboreal vegetation of a hill forest with the provisioning ecosystem services. The population was a block of 11.75 ha in BRUNAS, of which 14 sample units of 500 m2 each were evaluated. The method used was hypothetical-deductive, non-experimental, correlational and cross-sectional, collecting information in a single moment, the investigation began by locating and evaluating the sample units previously determined their spatial distribution with the help of geographic information systems, using evaluation formats. adapted from SERFOR. The same ones that provided information on the functional traits of the tree vegetation of a hill forest with the provisioning ecosystem services, through the evaluation of its different indicators and sub-indicators. The results were presented describing and discussing each table and graph. The study concludes that functional traits and provisioning ecosystem services have a statistically significant relationship; having found a Pearson correlation coefficient between 0.10 and 0.60 between positive and negative relationship, which means that there is a very low to strong relationship between the variables. Likewise, there is a Spearman's Rho correlation of -0.22 between the basic density and the tree cover value. And no relation to your other two indicators.
Copyright (c) 2023 Rosario Salazar Minaya, Edilberto Díaz Quintana, Cleide Santos Flores , Jenri Ruiz Gonzales, Alexander Mesías Morales (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphological functional traits of forest species in highland hill forests
The research aimed to identify the functional characteristics of forest species in low and high hillside forests of Tingo María – Huánuco, classifying them according to their adaptive and conservative strategies. To achieve this goal, 23.02 hectares were assessed, using 28 samples of 0.05 hectares each. The methodological approach adopted was hypothetical-deductive, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational. Measurements of diameter at breast height (DBH) were taken for trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm, categorized by adaptive and conservative strategies, and crown indices and shapes were determined. The results revealed that DBH varies between 10-20 cm in both low and high hillsides. The majority of tree heights were found in the middle tree stratum (5-24.9 m). In low hillsides, the adaptive strategy prevailed (61.71%), while in high hillsides, the conservative strategy dominated (59.01%). There were inverse and low-magnitude correlations in high hillsides. The maximum height is concentrated in the middle stratum, reaching 85.76% in high hillsides. It is concluded that the high hillside forest exhibited superior functional characteristics.
Copyright (c) 2023 Fred Daniel Minaya Candia, Edilberto Díaz Quintana, Cleide Santos Flores, Jenri Ruiz Gonzales, Alexander Mesías Morales (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Geospatial and temporal modeling of environmental noise in the urban center of the City of Aucayacu
In the present investigation, the general objective was to determine which interpolation method is most appropriate to model environmental noise in the urban area of the city of Aucayacu. To this end, the sound pressure level (dBA) has been identified and measured at the intersections with the highest vehicular flow, and the population has been surveyed to find out their perception of noise. The results indicate that noise exceeds the ECA in a residential area, but not in a commercial area, the population perceives that noise causes some type of damage to their health; Finally, a geospatial model was obtained with the interpolation of points with Kriging for noise modeling.
Copyright (c) 2023 Cesia Ruth Dávila Illatopa, Jonatan Estiff León Santa María (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Associated edaphic macrofauna in four production systems in the district of Pueblo Nuevo – Huánuco – Perú
In order to study the biomass, density and diversity of edaphic macrofauna associated in production systems in the district of Pueblo Nuevo - Huánuco, having four production systems, such as a mixed plantation, bamboo, grassland and aguaje, where in each system Five monoliths measuring 25 cm x 25 cm x 30 cm deep were installed. The results obtained were: The biomass of the aguaje production system was 29,07 g/m2, bamboo was 16,16 g/m2, mixed forest plantation was 30,80 g/m2, grassland was 38,92 g/m2, in Regarding the depth, 0-10 cm 48,50 g/m2, 10-20 cm 26,50 g/m2, 20-30cm 16,50g/m2; For the variable density in the Grassland production system it was 201,60 ind/m2, mixed forest plantation with 137,60 ind/m2, Bamboo with 80,00 ind/m2 and aguaje with 76,80 ind/m2. Concerning the abundance of individuals, the grassland system presented greater individuals with 63 individuals recorded in seven families. The alpha diversity through Simpson's index for the aguaje, bamboo, mixed plantation and grassland production systems obtained values of 0,156, 0,332, 0,209 and 0,179 respectively. While the beta diversity through the Jaccard index where the highest values were obtained relating the bamboo - aguaje production system and mixed plantation - bamboo both with a value of 0,5.
Copyright (c) 2023 Fidel Fernando Ruiz Cárdenas , Edilberto Díaz Quintana , Cleide Santos Flores, Jenri Ruiz Gonzales , Alexander Mesías Morales, Brayan André Caldas de la Cruz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of air quality from bacteriological indicators and fungal pathogens in the urban area of the city of Tingo María
Air quality is increasingly altered by different pollutants due to the increase in anthropogenic activities which emit different pathogens into the air, such is the case of microorganisms that can be transported through the air and affect people's health. In this research, an evaluation of the microbiological contamination of the air in the city of Tingo Maria was carried out using Petri dishes with Sabouraud Glucose Agar and Plate Count culture media for fungi and bacteria, respectively, which were placed in 12 strategically selected points of the city. From the results of the determination of the number of colonies by the method of counting the most probable number, it was determined that the highest concentration for bacteria was found in the sample MB10 located at Av. Raymondi with Jr. Julio Burga with a concentration of 84*103 colonies mo/cm3 and for fungi this was found in the sample MF7 located in the Plaza de Armas: Ovalo de la Alameda Peru with a concentration of 34*103 Colonies mo/cm3; the lowest concentration for bacteria was found in sample MB3 located in Jr. Callao block 4 with 5*103 Colonies mo/cm3 for fungi the lowest concentration was found in samples MF1, MF2 and MF8 with a concentration of 4*103 Colonies mo/cm3. In addition, by counting the concentrations of all the samples, the areas with the highest concentration for both bacteria and fungi were zoned.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jonatan Estiff León Santa María (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of water quality for tourism purposes of the Santa Carmen - Leoncio Prado waterfall springs
This study evaluated the water quality for tourism purposes from the sources of the Santa Carmen waterfall in Peru, using the Water Quality Index for the Protection of Aquatic Life (ICA - PE) method and the determination of physicochemical and biological parameters. The results obtained showed that the water quality in the Santa Carmen waterfall is excellent for recreational use in three spas and one regular in B4 (Sewer), although some limitations were observed regarding the presence of salmonella sp., in the sampling point B4. The physicochemical parameters evaluated included pH, turbidity, color, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5), while the biological parameters included Material of anthropogenic origin, tolerant coliforms, Salmonella sp., and Vibrio cholerae, the results obtained indicate that the Santa Carmen waterfall presents an acceptable water quality for recreational use, although it is recommended to carry out pollution control measures to minimize the presence of Salmonella sp., since in B4 (sewer), bathers must Be careful when swallowing or inhaling the water, as there is a possibility of the bacteria entering the digestive system or through the respiratory tract. This study is important for decision-making in environmental and tourism management in the area, and can serve as a basis for future research on water quality in tourist destinations
Copyright (c) 2023 Luis Angel Flores Peregrino , Edilberto Díaz Quintana, Cleide Santos Flores , Jenri Ruiz Gonzales, Alexander Mesías Morales (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dynamics of tree vegetation in hill forests in the Alto Huallaga Valley
The objective was to evaluate the dynamics of the arboreal vegetation in the low and high hill forests of the Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, to calculate the mean annual increment, recruitment and annual mortality from 2016 to 2023. The methodology was observation, recording data from two PPM, non-experimental, cross-sectional. As results we found the diametric growth 0.15 cm/year (PPM 1) and 0.24 cm/year (PPM 4); 0.003 m2/ha (PPM 1) and 0.008 m2/ha (PPM 4). And 0.062 m3/ha (PPM 1) and 0.111 m3/ha (PPM 4). It was concluded that the dynamics of this forest is defined by an average mortality of 0.71 % and a recruitment of 0.93 % as well as an AMI of 1.61 %. Thus showing 1.31 % AMI (PPM 1) and 1.9 % (PPM 4). Recruitment 0.48 % (PPM 1) and 1.37 % (PPM 4). Mortality 0.42 % (PPM 1) and 0.99 % (PPM 4). Floristic composition 37 families, 79 genera, 117 species and 626 individuals (PPM 1) and 39 families, 90 genera, 117 species and 564 individuals (PPM 4). Mixing ratio of 1/5 (PPM 1 and 4).
Copyright (c) 2023 Luis Angel Flores Peregrino, Edilberto Díaz Quintana, Cleide Santos Flores, Jenri Ruiz Gonzales , Alexander Mesías Morales (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Carbon stored in the biomass of the Botanical Garden - Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva
The objective of this research is to estimate the carbon stored in the aerial biomass, leaf litter, necromass and soil of the Botanical Garden of the Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva. The non – destructive method was used, that is, the use of allometric equations to calculate the carbon content. The methodology used was to take the DAP, wood density and height of mature trees, stems and Latizales. For the dead trees it was necessary to obtain their length, diameters, and density. For the litter, its wet and dry weight was recorded; finally, for the soil, the calcination methodology was used where the wet and dry weight was recorded. It was obtained that the carbon stored in the aerial biomass is 773,923 tC/ha, in the leaf litter a value of 1,106 tC/ha, in the soil a value of 42,137 tC/ha and in the necromass a value of 15,341 tC/ha.
Copyright (c) 2023 Yessenia Solange Viviano Cortez, Jonatan Estiff León Santa María (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Characterization of functional traits of Parkia panurensis “Pashaco colorado” in hill forest
The research sought to know what would be the characteristics of the functional traits of Parkia panurensis "pashaco colorado" in low and high hills? with the purpose of determining the number of individuals per hectare, the morphometry of the individual and its crown, the differences in leaf size, leaf area and specific leaf area, as well as the difference in basic density. Covering an area of 23.02 ha of BRUNAS, evaluating 14 MUs of 0.05 ha in each block, using the descriptive and cross-sectional method, being necessary to use the proposals of several authors to achieve each proposed objective. Concluding, with 6.89 ±0.99 trees/ha on low hill and 7.02±1.77 trees/ha on high hill. The maximum height 75% in the middle stratum of high hills and 42.86% in the upper stratum of low hills. The diameter on low hill is 10-20 cm higher with 42.85% and on high hill it is 20-30 cm with 25%. In crown height the average is 9.57 m on a low hill and 6.50 m on a high hill. Crown parameters show subtle differences on low and high hills. And as for the foliar traits and the basic density of the wood, there are no marked differences.
Copyright (c) 2023 Dhara Katherin Domínguez León, Edilberto Díaz Quintana, Cleide Santos Flores, Jenri Ruiz Gonzales , Alexander Mesías Morales (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bioremediation with African snails (Achatina fullica) in soils contaminated by hydrocarbons
Bioremediation is a process that uses microorganisms, plants or other biological agents to decontaminate contaminated soil and water. In the case of African snails, it has been studied that they have pseudomonas in their digestive tract, which is an excellent hydrocarbon degrader. Seeing the problem of the oil spill and its negative impact on the environment that affects both the biotic and abiotic aspects; Seeing the abundance of African snails and their excessive proliferation, an alternative of bioremediation is proposed. The study was carried out in the university city of the Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva and with the climate of the place. Snails (Achatina fullica) have the ability to metabolize and degrade certain chemical compounds present in oil and other pollutants, converting them into compounds that are less toxic to the environment.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jean Capcha Cantalicio, Frans Shenone Meza Aguirre, Judner Valdizan Vonilla, Jonatan Estiff León Santa María (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of the environmental quality of the soil from physicochemical indicators in the district of Santo Domingo de Anda - Huánuco
The objective of this research work was to determine the environmental quality index of the soil by physiographic strata in the district of Santo Domingo de Anda - Huánuco, 2021, and the methodology used was descriptive, non-experimental design of a cross-sectional - descriptive - type. correlational - causal, and as statistical analysis the analysis of principal components was used; For the field work, soil samples were obtained according to the physiographic map of the area, information used from the Economic and Ecological Zoning of the Regional Government of Huánuco, and 45 points were randomly distributed in three stages (12 samples in Laderas de Montañas stratum, 18 samples in the Laderas de Colinas stratum and 15 samples in the Terraza stratum), later the points were located with a GPS and the 1mx1mx1m test pits were made and the respective samples were taken to be analyzed for the physicochemical parameters in the laboratory. of soils of the Faculty of Agronomy of the National Agrarian University of La Selva, and then the soil quality index for the district of Santo Domingo de Anda was determined in tangible soils by strata; and as a conclusion, it has been found that the physical parameters of the soil, such as the percentage of clay, are high in all strata, while the percentages of silt and sand are regular by physiographic stratum, the chemical parameters of the soil, such as pHs, were also determined. , organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, cadmium, effective cation exchange capacity (ECCe), calcium, magnesium, aluminum, hydrogen, cadmium, exchangeable bases and acids, and percentage of aluminum saturation by physiographic stratum, finding acid soils in the three strata as well as a low percentage of organic matter and finally it was determined that the soil environmental quality index for the hillsides slopes physiographic stratum is 31,597, the Mountain slopes physiographic stratum is 33,206, and for the Terrace physiographic stratum it is 30,094 , all the strata being classified as regular soil quality.
Copyright (c) 2022 Freddy Van Michell Guardian Rosario, Jonatan Estiff León Santa María (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design of a treatment system for solid waste leachates: Analysis of the transitory cell of Santa Rosa de Shapajilla - Huánuco
The present research work carried out a design proposal for the leachate treatment plant of the Santa Rosa de Shapajilla transitory cell; for this purpose, first a location was proposed taking into account eight (8) criteria, which are the following: Identification of areas with slopes less than 15%, classification of rivers greater than 500 m, classification of rivers greater than 500 m, identification of risk areas due to geological faults, identification of population centers greater than or equal to 500 m, presentation of areas suitable for the construction of a WWTP, location of tentative areas based on the proximity of the transitional cell and selection of the best area for construction. Once the tentative area was taken into account, a series of operations necessary for leachate treatment were proposed. A 10.8 m long and 1.3 m wide sand trap was proposed as pretreatment; a 432.0 m^3 decanter was proposed as primary treatment, followed by an anaerobic biological reactor as secondary treatment, with a volume of 108.216 m^3; for tertiary treatment, a homogenization tank and a settling tank with 520.0 and 121.97 m^3 respectively were chosen. Finally, a disinfection system of 120.0 m^3 and a storage tank for treated water with a volume of 250.0 m^3 were chosen for tertiary treatment.
Copyright (c) 2022 Elvis Mariano Evangelista Medina , Ivet Victoria Falcón Ramírez , Dan Jarod Figueroa Valeriano (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ecoeficiencia en el uso de bolsas plásticas: Diagnostico, análisis y experiencias en el mercado modelo de la Ciudad de Tingo María
The study presented the objective of determining the level of ecoefficiency in the distribution of plastic bags in the Mercado Modelo in the city of Tingo Maria. It was carried out in the Mercado Modelo in the city of Tingo Maria, Rupa Rupa district, Leoncio Prado province, Huanuco region, Peru; to elaborate the baseline, a stratified sample of 110 establishments chosen at random was used, to which a survey which contained nine ecoefficiency indicators was given, later an ecoefficiency index was constructed, following the Biograma methodology. For the results, it was reported that in the said market, the totality of the commercial establishments distributed nonbiodegradable bags, making it evident that few commercial centers have the initiative of diminishing the use of the said bags; weekly 95.65% of the bags are given out and the rest show indices regarding not using bags; while the ecoefficiency index for the distribution of plastic bags in the market was 0.286 and an ecoefficiency plan was proposed with indicators such as (bags by type distributed, biodegradable bags distributed, establishments that distributed nonbiodegradable bags, biodegradable bags, bags as part of the sale and the establishments that propitiate the decrease in the consumption of bags). It is concluded that the level of ecoefficiency of the market in study is critical and there is an urgent need for the authorities and general population to have greater environmental conscientiousness.
Copyright (c) 2022 Patricia Pilar Romero Ushuñahua, Angie Tatyana Fernández Escobar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Temporal characterization of wind vector behavior in the Chancay and Huaral basin
La presente investigación se ejecutó en la cuenca del rio Chancay que está ubicado en la provincial de Huaral, el cuyo objetivó general es Analizar las gráficas de rosa de viento de las estaciones meteorológicas en la cuenca Chancay-Huaral, el cual se identificó los puntos críticos de contaminación del aire de acuerdo con las estaciones meteorológicas de Pallac, Pirca y Santa Cruz. Los datos recolectados fueron analizados en los siguientes softwares: WRPLOT View, Arc map 10.5, Google Earth Pro, Microsoft Excel 2022. Se analizaron los gráficos de la rosa de viento de las estaciones meteorológicas Pallac, Pirca, Santa Cruz, presentando diferencias en respecto a las direcciones, velocidades y frecuencias esto se debe a los factores climatológicos y topográficos, también se identificó los puntos críticos de la contaminación del aire según las estaciones meteorológicas donde se observa que esto se debe a la industrial y la minería. Y por último tenemos la dirección y vector de flujo del punto crítico según las estaciones meteorológicas de Pallac (Minera Ihuari) Noreste a una velocidad de 3.60-5.70 m/s; Pirca (Minera Santander) Suroeste con una velocidad de 3.60-5.70 m/s; Santa Cruz (Minera Chungar) Noreste a una velocidad 5.57-8.80 m/s.
Elvis Mariano Evangelista Medina Evangelista Medina
Copyright (c) 2022 Elvis Mariano Evangelista Medina Evangelista Medina, Jorge Alejandro Suarez Vásquez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of forest biomass in coetaneous plantations of Calycophyllum spruceanum (capirona)
With the purpose of studying the vegetal biomass in plantations of C. spruceanum of 8 and 11 years of age in Leoncio Prado, plots of 50 mx 20 m will be found, having 10 quadrants of 100 m2, within each sub-plot there will be traps for the herbaceous and litter of 1 mx 1 m and 0.50 mx 0.50 m respectively. The results that were obtained were: the arboreal biomass from the eight-year-old plantation was 147,62 kg with an average of forty-nine trees and a BAVT (acronym in Spanish) of 7 233,60 kg and 72,34 t ac-1 of BAVT. On the other hand, the eleven-year-old plantation presented an average of 267,46 kg for fifty-five specimens with a BAVT of 14 710,31 kg, equivalent to 147,10 t ac-1; which was statistically superior to the eleven-year-old plantation. With respect to the herbaceous biomass, for the eight-year-old plantation, it was 0,15 t ac-1 and 0,45 t ac-1, at two and four months, while for the eleven-year-old plantation it was 0,21 t ac-1 and 0,59 t ac-1 average; registering no statistical differences for both plantations. The leaf litter biomass of the eight-year-old plantation was 0,87 t ac-1 and 1,57 t ac-1, on average, at two and four months, and for the eleven-year-old plantation it was 1,19 t ac-1 and 2,57 t ac-1; registering a statistical difference at four months, which was superior for the eleven-year-old plantation.
Copyright (c) 2022 Cleide Santos Flores, Edilberto Díaz Quintana , Jenri Ruiz Gonzales (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Estimation of the biomass in a plantation of Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum. (capirona) in Leoncio Prado Province
The objective of this study was to study the behavior of tree biomass and litter in a C. spruceanum plantation with an area of ​​5000 m2, located in Fundo Santa Beatriz (Naranjillo), 7 km. of Tingo María, of the district of Luyando, province of Leoncio Prado, Region of Huánuco. For the estimation of the tree biomass, the following equation Bt = 0.072xD2.64 was used, which makes use of the diameter of the base of the trees of this species, while for the litter biomass, traps were installed one meter from the level soil of 1 x 1 m, during one year of evaluation. the results were: The tree biomass per individual was 118.20 kg on average, a minimum of 8.72 and a maximum of 56.29 kg, these were at the end of the evaluation, with a total of 19,531.60 kg, with a BAVT (t/ha-1) of 39.06, with Regarding the increase at 12 months, it increased by 56.98 kg, a minimum of 4.47 kg, with an average value of 27.96 kg, while the BTAV (kg) was 4, 528.75 kg, registering a BAVT of 9.06 t/ha-1 at the end of the evaluation. Litter biomass was lower in the month of December with an average of 0.27 t ha-1, with a minimum value of 0.09 and a maximum of 0.42 t ha-1. The highest value recorded was in the September with an average of 1.01 t/ha-1, with a minimum of 0.55 and a maximum of 1.81 t/ha-1, and this at the same time being numerically and statistically superior to the other months of the year. Litter biomass throughout was 5.8 t ha-1.
Copyright (c) 2022 Pablo Adrian Palomino Sifuentes , Edilberto Díaz Quintana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Removal of Zinc (Zn) and Lead (Pb) in aqueous solution using the activated carbon adsorption column system
Water is one of the resources of great importance for human life and the development of multiple human activities makes it even more so, however, but as we see the water suffers various alterations. Water pollution in Peru is caused by mining activities, factories, domestic, etc., being this a problem of great relevance that requires much attention. An alternative solution is the adsorption of heavy metals with the use of activated carbons; adsorption is a very low cost technology and is eco-friendly with the environment, there are several ways to obtain activated carbons, one of them is from organic material with a high percentage of carbon and its activation is given in different ways, in the chemical case it can be through phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sodium hydroxide (KOH) or zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and in a physical way there are the water method (H2O(v)), carbon dioxide (CO2) or oxygen (O2), whichever method you choose you will have porous activated carbon that have various applications, among these is the ability to absorb heavy metals. The present investigation was carried out in the water quality laboratory of the Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, whose general objective is to determine the efficiency of the removal of heavy metals in Zinc (Zn) and/or Lead (Pb) in an aqueous solution through the system of adsorption columns with activated carbon, where we worked with a flow rate of 12.5 mL/s, with a height of 60 cm, cross-sectional area of 86.59 cm2. Therefore, 10.478 mL of 68.5% HNO3 is needed to prepare 1 liter of 1% nitric acid solution. It is concluded that the efficiency of the system increases when the adsorbent has more contact with the wastewater, in a time of 100 minutes the efficiency is 51.5% and 58% in the removal of Pb and Zn respectively.
Copyright (c) 2022 Elvis Mariano Evangelista Medina, Patricia Pilar Romero Ushuñahua (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluación de los gases de efecto invernadero directo e indirecto en espacios confinados de la universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, Huánuco
This research work carried out a monitoring of occupational gases to determine the concentration in confined spaces within the university campus of the Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva (UNAS), using an RKI GX-8000 explosimeter to determine the air quality in confined environments that do not represent a health risk, contrasting it with the limits established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Eleven critical points were identified throughout the university campus that provide conditions that favor the concentration of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting in gas measurements at all critical points, the maximum values for hydrogen sulfide at points PP-002, PI-005 and PCM-010 are 1.5 ppm, 1.5ppm, 1ppm, carbon dioxide at points PP-002, PD-009 and PCM-011 are 360 ppm, 440 ppm, 380 ppm, 380 ppm, 1ppm, and carbon dioxide at points PP-002, PD-009 and PCM-011 are 360 ppm, 440 ppm, 380 ppm, methane at points PS-001, PZ-003 and PI-005 are 4%, 3%, 2%, carbon monoxide at points PC-004, PI-005 and PI-008 are 3ppm, 6ppm, 3ppm respectively. It was concluded that all the measurements taken at the 11 critical points do not exceed the limit established by OSHA.
Copyright (c) 2022 Elvis Mariano Evangelista Medina , Ivet Victoria Falcón Ramírez, Angie Tatyana Fernández Escobar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Eco-efficiency in the use of water: Diagnosis, analysis, indicators and experiences at the National Agrarian University of La Selva
The objective of this work is to evaluate the eco-efficiency in the use of water on the campus of the National Agrarian University of Jungle in the period from July to December 2019. For the elaboration of the baseline, the methodology proposed by the Ministry of the Environment in the Ecoefficiency Guide (2016) was used, the physicochemical and microbiological parameters were compared with the maximum permissible limits of the DIGESA (2010) and the water balance of the water supply by water accounting. Total water consumption is 3,258.92 m3 / month and, in general terms, the university population practices good water use habits, however, for more than 60% of the total of respondents, both students, teachers, administrative staff and businessmen, the lack of control and maintenance of all the university sanitary equipment is a constant failure, witnessing the existence of faults and water leaks, the same that are not reported by 87.10% of the students. Physicochemical analyzes do not exceed the maximum permissible limits established in the Quality of Water for Human Consumption Regulation (DS N ° 031-2010-SA) of the General Directorate of Environmental Health of the Ministry of Health, for none of the sampled points unlike the microbiological one, where the presence of total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms as well as Salmonella sp., and molds and yeasts were found. On the other hand, a total of 87 hygienic services and other 05 areas that do not have hygienic services but some sanitary equipment have been recorded. There is a water deficit for the month of August whit the value of 0.54 m3/month, finally, and finally, six eco-efficiency measures have been proposed for the use of water resources within the campus of the National Agrarian University of Forest (UNAS).
Copyright (c) 2022 Angie Tatyana Fernández Escobar , Patricia Pilar Romero Ushuñahua , Elvis Mariano Evangelista Medina (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Correlation of the indices: water quality and aquatic macroinvertebrates in the Negro River - Aguaytia
The research to characterize the quality of the water from the Negro River in Aguaytia, Peru, through the use of aquatic macroinvertebrates took place in September, November, and January. Eight sampling points were identified within two specific zones (with anthropic alteration and without anthropic alteration). Later, samples of the water were obtained in order to determine the physicochemical parameters, thus determining the quality of the water through use of the WQINSF index. The samples of aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected by using a surber net and the manual technique was used for the determination of the Shannon - Weaver (H´) index and the (BMWP)/ Col index. From the evaluation of the WQINSF index it was determined that the quality of the area without anthropic alteration was “GOOD,” while the quality of the area with anthropic alteration was “REGULAR.” Eight hundred and forty-two organisms were found, which were distributed into four classes, nine orders, and twelve families of macroinvertebrates. According to the Shannon index, a greater diversity of species exists in the area without anthropic alteration, and with the (BMWP)/Col index it was determined that in the area without anthropic alteration a water quality of “ACCEPTABLE” was obtained, while the area with anthropic alteration had a quality of “DOUBTFUL and CRITICAL.” Moreover, it was determined that the correlation between the WQINSF and BMWP indices during the three phases of sampling presented a positive and high correlation.
Copyright (c) 2022 Greysy Katherine Minchola Soto , Víctor Manuel Beteta Alvarado, Jorge Alejandro Suarez Vásquez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identification of endemic plant species that accumulate cadmium in the province of Leoncio Prado, Peru
The contamination from heavy metals is currently one of the most serious environmental problems. Phytoremediation is an emerging low cost technique which uses the properties of the plants to accumulate or tolerate the heavy metals and it can be used to remediate contaminated areas. The objective of this work is to identify the native vegetative species which accumulate cadmium on the Picuruyacu Alto homestead, in the Leoncio Prado province, Huanuco department, Peru. Four specimens of each herbaceous vegetative species found were collected for the physicochemical and morphological analysis and for their identification, the samples included the offshoot (stem, leaf, flower and seeds) and the radicular system (root). Seven tolerant native vegetative species were identified, Browallia americana of the solanaceae family, Philoglossa mimuloides and Ageratina cf azangaroensis of the asteraceae family, Commelina difusa of the commelinaceae family, Borreria prostrata and Diodia alata of the family of rubiaceae, Euphorbia heterophylla of the euphorbiaceae family, on the other hand, two accumulating native vegetative species were identified, Cyathula prostrata of the amaranthaceae family and Cyperus simplex of the cyperaceae family.
Copyright (c) 2024 Angie Tatyana Fernández Escobar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0